There are several types of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 related In vitro diagnostics –
Diagnostic Tests – Tests that detect parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can be used to diagnose infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These include molecular tests and antigen tests.
Serology/Antibody Tests – Tests that detect antibodies (e.g., IgM, IgG) to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Serology/antibody tests cannot be used to diagnose a current infection.
Tests for Management of COVID-19 Patients – Beyond tests that diagnose or detect SARS-CoV-2 virus or antibodies, there are also tests that are authorized for use in the management of patients with COVID-19, such as to detect biomarkers related to inflammation. Once patients are diagnosed with COVID-19 disease, these additional tests can be used to inform patient management decisions.
To date, the FDA has currently authorized 166 tests under Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs); these include 138 molecular tests, 26 antibody tests, and 2 antigen tests. A select few are highlighted below.
The Race for COVID-19 Vaccines
As per the draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines released by the WHO (July 7, 2020), there are 21 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation and 139 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation [Link]. Researchers are evaluating different strategies, some tested and some novel, to induce the immune system to produce effective antibodies and get a safe and effective vaccine ready by next year.
The vaccine testing process, right from the preclinical trials to the Phase I safety trials, the expanded Phase II (hundreds enrolled) as well as Phase III efficacy trials (thousands enrolled) are required to determine if the vaccine protects against the pathogen. The approval process follows once a vaccine successfully clears these checks. In a pandemic situation like the current crisis, the phases II and III can be combined to save time to reach the ultimate safety and efficacy goals.
Vaccine development is a time-consuming (often many years) and expensive process. Developing a vaccine quickly requires a new paradigm, with many steps executed in parallel. It involves high risk financially as well, including an early manufacturing scale-up plan and set-up expected even before actual results are seen.
With deciphering of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in January, the race to vaccine accelerated at unprecedented pace. As of July 7, 2020, there are 15 vaccines in Phase II and III combined with one vaccine (CanSino Biologics) being approved for military use in China. Overall, the vaccines development can be visualized as below based on their current stage of development.
Currently, there are at least eight approaches explored for the development of a vaccine. These include Virus vaccines (weakened or inactivated form), Viral-vector vaccines (replicating or non-replicating), nucleic acid forms (RNA, DNA), Protein-based vaccines (Subunit or Virus-like Particles) as well as testing whether existing vaccines (e. g. poliovirus or tuberculosis) could elicit a response to the pathogen.
Select vaccines that have reached clinical trials, as well as promising candidates in preclinical trials are highlighted below.
Recent Progress:
- Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [Link] (07/10/20)
- Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells [Link] (07/09/20)
- U.S. phase 3 trial of Kevzara (Sarilumab) 400 mg in COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation fails to meet its primary and key secondary endpoints [Link] (07/02/20)
- TOCIVID-19 prospective phase 2 trial (n=301) results show reduced 30-day lethality for Tocilizumab [Link] (07/02/20)
- Early treatment with Tocilizumab and Methylprednisolone shows better failure-free and overall survival in cases of severe COVID-19 [Link] (06/27/20)
- Tocilizumab, intravenously or subcutaneously administered, reduced risk of invasive mechanical ventilation or death in an Italian study [Link] (06/24/20)
- Siltuximab, via IL-6 signaling inactivation, shows reduced 30-day mortality rate than best supportive care [Link] (06/20/20)
- All patients treated with GM-CSF blocking antibody Mavrilimumab (n=13) show clinical improvement compared with standard care (65%) [Link] (06/16/20)
- Tocilizumab is associated with reduced lethality rate at 30 but not at 14-days, without significant toxicity in a multicenter single-arm phase 2 trial [Link] (06/05/20)
- A retrospective study of 171 patients shows Tocilizumab in the early stages of the inflammatory flare reduces ICU admissions and mechanical ventilation use [Link] (06/05/20)
- An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction (Karolinska Institutet study) [Link] (06/02/20)
Country: UK
Product type: Nucala/Meplazumab, interleukin-5 antagonist monoclonal antibody
Stage: FDA-approved since 2015, approved to treat Asthma, Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Publish date: March 21, 2020
Cure effect: Compared to control group, meplazumab treatment significantly improved the discharged (p=0.006) and case severity (p=0.021) in critical and severe patients.
Country: France/US
Type of antibody: Kevzara (sarilumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
Stage of clinical: Phase II/III (FDA-approved since 2017, approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis)
Anticipated timing: March 2020
Description: IL-6 may play a role in driving the overactive inflammatory response in the lungs of patients who are severely or critically ill with COVID-19 while Sarilumab (Kevzara) can inhibit the interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway by binding and blocking the IL-6 receptor.
Status: The first patient outside of the US has been treated with Kevzara (sarilumab) in the second phase of the clinical programme for patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Trials have now started in Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Canada, Russia and the US. (March 30)
Country: US
Type of antibody: Actemra (tocilizumab), interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
Stage of clinical: Phase 3（FDA-approved since 2010, approved to treat various type of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, and cytokine release syndrome）
Anticipated timing: April 2020
Other related trials: China (3), Italy (1）
Cure effect: On March 5, Chinese researchers reported a retrospective that 19 out of 21 severe patients have been discharged on average 13.5 days after the treatment with tocilizumab and the rest are recovering well. While on March 21, Italian researchers found possible correlation of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitors with osteonecrosis of the jaws, reminding the potential risk of using tocilizumab for treatment.
Read more: Reference 1, Reference 2
Product type: Avastin (bevacizumab), vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor
Stage: FDA-approved since 2004, approved to treat certain types of cancer
Status: An interventional clinical trial is underway at the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in Jinan, China. The trial aims to assess the safety of bevacizumab and its effectiveness in treating severe and severe new crown pneumonia and dyspnea (shortness of breath) and diffuse pulmonary lesions in patients with COVID-19. The trial aims to enroll over 100 participants and its estimated completion date is May 31, 2020. A second trial of bevacizumab is a Phase II/III trial, also being conducted by Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. This is an open-label, single-group trial that will include 20 participants with severe COVID-19 and pneumonia, with an estimated completion date of May 2020. (March 23, 2020)
Product type: Sylvant (siltuximab), interleukin-6 targeted monoclonal
Stage: Clinical (FDA-approved since 2004, approved to treat multicentric Castleman disease who are HIV-negative and human herpesvirus-8 negative)
Status: Initial data is expected in late March 2020.
Product type: Soliris (eculizumaab), complement inhibitor
Stage：Expanded Access（FDA-approved since 2007）
Detail：COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world causing widespread panic, death, and injury. While this virus is the provocateur, it is often the patient’s own disproportionate immune response which deals the most devastating (and often fatal) damage. A specific part of the immune system, known as the complement, has been shown to cause such damage in other types of coronaviruses. In the SOLID-C19 study, Soliris (Eculizumab) will be used to modulate the activity of the distal complement preventing the formation of the membrane attack complex. By modulating this portion of the immune response, mortality can be halted while the patient has time to recover from the virus with supportive medical care.
Product type: Ilaris (canakinumab), interleukin-1beta blocker
Stage: Clinical (FDA approved since 2009)
Product type: Antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients
Stage: Pre-clinical
Status: Vir Biotechnology announces that it has identified multiple human monoclonal antibody (mAb) development candidates that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The firm expects human trials to begin within 3-5 months. (March 25)
Recent Progress:
- High Favipiravir dose alleviates disease in Syrian hamster model but shows significant toxicity effects [Link] (07/07/20)
- HCQ and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arms for COVID-19 to be discontinued in Solidarity trial by WHO based on poor interim results [Link] (07/04/20)
- Combinations of nitazoxanide with three other compounds (remdesivir, amodiaquine and umifenovir) exhibit significant synergy based on in silico approaches [Link] (07/01/20)
- A retrospective study of hospitalized patients in Thailand shows 67.7% day-7 clinical improvement rate following Favipiravir treatment with a low loading dose as poor prognostic factor for early clinical response [Link] (07/01/20)
- Berzosertib, an ATR kinase inhibitor in the DDR pathway, seen as a potential repurposed candidate following screening of small molecule library of 430 protein kinase inhibitors [Link] (06/27/20)
- Screening of a repurposing library reveals Cyclosporine as a potent antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells [Link](06/19/20)
- Boceprevir, GC-376, calpain inhibitors II and XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture [Link] (06/14/20)
- Retrospective cohort study shows prolonged viral shedding was significantly associated with delayed initiation of Arbidol (7 days after symptom onset) [Link] (06/09/20)
- Remdesivir shows improvements in SARS-CoV-2 infected Rhesus macaque; no respiratory disease, reduced virus viral loads and damage to the lungs [Link] (06/09/20)
- Sofosbuvir, an FDA-approved antiviral drug, shows promise in infected iPSC-derived human brain organoids [Link] (05/31/20)
- Remdesivir Most ‘Beneficial’ In Covid-19 Patients Who Need Extra Oxygen [Link] (05/24/20)
- Triple anti-viral drug shows COVID-19 promise in Hong Kong study [Link] (5/10/20)
- Inhibition of the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells by the FDA approved drug chlorpromazine [Link] (5/7/20)
- FDA issues emergency-use authorization for remdesivir to treat hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 [Link] (5/2/20)
- Preliminary data show that tocilizumab improved the clinical outcome immediately in severe and critical COVID-19 patients [Link] (4/30/20)
- Gilead says critical study of Covid-19 drug shows patients are responding to treatment [Link] (4/29/20)
- Gilead Virus Drug May Reduce Sperm Count in Mice: Chinese Study [Link] (4/26/20)
- New data on Gilead’s remdesivir, released by accident, show no benefit for coronavirus patients (some experts see the result as inconclusive) [Link] (4/23/20)
- Enisamium inhibits the influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerases [Link] (4/22/20)
- New study shows no benefit of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 [Link] (4/21/20)
- Remdesivir prevents COVID-19 progression in monkeys [Link] (4/19/20)
- Early peek on Remdesivir clinical trial data shows promising results [Link] (4/16/20)
- A couple new compounds (Auranofin, Baicalin, Baicalein and Doxycycline) have been identified to inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro [Link][Link][Link](4/15/20)
- No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement [Link] (4/14/20)
- Hopeful results of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19 [Link] (4/11/20)
- Viriom Initiates Phase 2 Clinical Study of Elsulfavirine for Treatment of COVID-19 [Link] (4/8/20)
- Algernon regulatory submission for Ifenprodil human trial in South Korea [Link] (4/7/20)
- A new study shows that among those patients who received lopinavir-ritonavir, the time to clinical improvement was significantly shorter than in patients receiving standard of care alone [Link] (4/6/20)
- EIDD-2801, a new compound inhibits multiple coronaviruses in mice [Link] (4/6/20)
Details: The broad-spectrum antiviral agent Remdesivir (GS-5734; Gilead Sciences, Inc) is a nucleotide analog prodrug. The US FDA issued EUA of remdesivir to allow emergency use in children and hospitalized adults. The findings from the NIAID trial of remdesivir in hospitalized patients with advanced COVID-19 have been published in a peer-reviewed medical journal. These findings support the use of remdesivir in this population, with the largest benefit observed among individuals who required oxygen supplementation but were not mechanically ventilated. The open-label phase 3 SIMPLE trial (n = 397) in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease not requiring mechanical ventilation showed similar improvement in clinical status with the 5-day remdesivir regimen compared with the 10-day regimen on day 14 (OR=0.75). The first published report concerning remdesivir compassionate use described clinical improvement in 36 of 53 hospitalized patients (68%) with severe COVID-19. At baseline, 30 patients (57%) were receiving ventilation and 4 (8%) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Publications:
- Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 – Preliminary Report (May 22, 2020) [Link]
- Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19 (May 27, 2020) [Link]
- Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Jun 09, 2020) [Link]
- Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir (Jun 26, 2020) [Link]
- Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19 (jun 11, 2020) [Link]
Company：Gilead Sciences, Inc
Status: Coordinating closely with the U.S. FDA, Gilead has designed and will soon begin enrollment of an open-label, single-arm Phase 2/3 clinical trial that will evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of remdesivir in treating approximately 50 pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19, including newborns through adolescents. This important trial will be conducted at more than 30 sites in the United States and Europe (Trial ID: NCT04431453).
Conclusion: The drug is known as EIDD-2801. It works by interfering with the coronavirus’ ability to make copies of itself once it infects a cell. In that regard it’s similar to remdesivir, a drug currently being tested in COVID-19 patients.
Publish Date: April 6, 2020
Company: Emory University
Status: New compound, an orally bioavailable NHC-prodrug (β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester)
Conclusion: Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro
Publish Date: March 18, 2020
Conclusion: In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment beyond standard care
Publish Date: March 18, 2020
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa200128
Company: Fujifilm Toyama Chemical/Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals/numerous trials with Chinese research sponsors
Conclusion: FPV showed significantly better treatment effects on COVID-19 in terms of disease progression and viral clearance
Publish Date: March 18, 2020
Conclusion: In ordinary COVID-19 patients untreated with antiviral previously, favipiravir can be considered as a preferred treatment because of its′ higher 7 day′s clinical recovery rate and more effectively reduced incidence of fever, cough except some antiviral-associated adverse effects
Publish Date : March 17, 2020
Conclusion: After 4 to 12-day treatment of danoprevir boosted by ritonavir, all eleven patients enrolled, two naive and nine experienced, were discharged from the hospital.
Publish Date : March 24, 2020
- Hydroxychloroquine with antibiotics shows poor clinical outcomes compared to conservative treatment in retrospective cohort study from South Korea [Link] (07/07/20)
- A new nickel foam air filter catches, heats and kills the SARS-Cov-2 virus and other pathogens [Link] (07/08/20)
- Corticosteroids lower risk of the primary composite outcome in a single center retrospective study of 205 non-ICU patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia [Link] (07/04/20)
- Physician-sponsored cohort study suggests histamine blockers (Cetirizine/Famotidine) may act by minimizing the histamine-mediated cytokine storm [Link] (07/06/20)
- Dutch study on Convalescent Plasma as therapy (CONCOVID Study) fails as patients already had high neutralizing antibody titers [Link] (07/03/20)
- Early combination therapy of anti-inflammatory (Corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs in moderate to severe COVID-19 cases shows reduced complications and improved clinical outcomes [Link] (06/29/20)
- Convalescent plasma therapy effective in Iran study with high antibody level donors and patients in early stage of critical illness [Link] (06/29/20)
- JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor baricitinib can correct immune abnormalities observed in hospitalized patients and reduce mortality [Link] (06/29/20)
- Multicenter, observational study shows early administration of prolonged methylprednisolone significantly reduces death hazard [Link] (06/20/20)
- Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid medication, shows better clinical outcome (composite end point) in partially randomized clinical trial [Link] (06/18/20)
- Dexamethasone saves lives in COVID-19: Results from the randomized UK RECOVERY trial [Link] (06/16/20)
- Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib shows positive results in a single arm, non-randomized open phase II trial for patients with defined hyperinflammation [Link] (06/09/20)
- Retrospective cohort study of 280 patients shows lower mortality in the Ivermectin group especially in patients who required higher inspired oxygen or ventilatory support [Link](06/09/20)
- Ten consecutive patients on high-dose oral famotidine show marked improvements of disease related symptoms [Link](06/08/2020)
- Off-label use of commercial cancer drug acalabrutinib (CALQUENCE) leads to rapid improvements in oxygenation [Link] (06/08/20)
- Treatment with Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, leads to faster clinical improvement in a phase II RCT for 43 patients [Link] (05/26/20)
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health finds inverse correlations between COVID-19 and BCG. COVID-19-attributable mortality among BCG-using countries was 5.8 times lower [Link] (04/13/20)
- Johns Hopkins gets FDA approval to test blood plasma therapy to treat COVID-19 patients [Link] (04/04/20)
- Therapeutics startup Celularity announced Thursday morning that it has received FDA clearance to begin a clinical trial of a proposed stem-cell treatment for COVID-19 [Link] (04/02/20)
- Seoul Viosys and SETi’s Violeds Technology Proves 99.9% Sterilization of Coronavirus in 30 Seconds (04/02/20) [Link]
Scientists and clinicians across the globe have responded to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic with a huge, high-quality global research effort to find a treatment for COVID-19. As of June 6, 2020, there are over 3230 trials registered, with up to 1923 Interventional trials and rest comprising mainly of Observational studies (1210), and Diagnosis tests (42).
Additionally, of note is the “Solidarity”, an international clinical trial to help find an effective treatment for COVID-19, launched by the World Health Organization and partners. Based on evidence from laboratory, animal and clinical studies, the following treatment options were selected – Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir with Interferon beta-1a, Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine.
Vaccine makers are racing to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and have advanced ten candidates into clinical trials. As of June 6 2020, the global COVID-19 vaccine R&D landscape includes 133 vaccine candidates, of which 10 are in clinical evaluation stages and 123 in preclinical evaluation. The most advanced candidates have recently moved into clinical development, including mRNA-1273 from Moderna, Ad5-nCoV from CanSino Biologicals, AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) from University of Oxford & AstraZeneca, INO-4800 from Inovio, LV-SMENP-DC and pathogen-specific aAPC from Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute. The researchers at the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca hope to have the first phase 3 data in hand this summer. Numerous other vaccine developers have indicated plans to initiate human testing in 2020.
| Platform | Type of candidate | Developer | Stage | Trial ID |
| Non-Replicating Viral Vector | Adenovirus Type 5 Vector | CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Phase 2 | ChiCTR2000031781 |
| Phase 1 | ChiCTR2000030906 | |||
| RNA | LNP-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-1273) | Moderna/NIAID | Phase 2 | NCT04405076 |
| Phase 1 | NCT04283461 | |||
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm | Phase 1/2 | ChiCTR2000031809 |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm | Phase 1/2 | ChiCTR2000032459 |
| Inactivated | Inactivated + alum (PiCoVacc) | Sinovac | Phase 1/2 | NCT04352608 |
| Non-Replicating Viral Vector | AZD1222 (ChAdOx1) | University of Oxford and AstraZeneca | Phase 2b/3 | NCT04324606 |
| RNA | 3 LNP-mRNAs (BNT162) | BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer | Phase 1/2 | NCT04368728; 2020-001038-36 |
| DNA vaccine | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Phase 1 | NCT04336410 |
| Protein subunit | Glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine + Matrix M (NVX-CoV2373) | Novavax | Phase 1/2 | NCT04368988 |
| Inactivated | Inactivated | Institute of Medical Biology and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Phase 1 | – |
Figure | Profile of COVID-19 vaccine developers by type and geographic location. For partnerships, the location is that of the lead developer. *Excluding China.
A broad classification of currently registered trials based on intervention strategies:
COVID-19 Funding Response
The world is facing an unprecedented challenge with communities and economies everywhere affected by the growing COVID-19 pandemic. The world is coming together to combat the COVID-19 pandemic bringing together governments, organizations and individuals from across industries and sectors to help respond to this global outbreak. The outpour of global solidarity and support sparked by this shared challenge has been phenomenal.
The WHO Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan outlines a funding need of at least US$675 million for critical response efforts in countries most in need of help through April 2020. People and organizations who want to help fight the pandemic and support WHO and partners can now donate through the COVID-Solidarity Response Fund for WHO at www.COVID19ResponseFund.org.
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) is a global alliance financing and coordinating the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases. The CEPI is collaborating with GSK and will use their pandemic vaccine adjuvant platform technology to enhance the development of an effective vaccine. CEPI has received support from founding member Norway (US$210 million), UK government (US$270 million), Government of Belgium (US$5.5 million), Government of Canada (US$28.2 million), Greece (US$1.6 million) and German Government’s Federal Ministry (US$157 million).
CEPI is investing in partnering agreements with Novavax, Inc. and The University of Oxford ($4.4 million), Institut Pasteur-led consortium that will include Themis and the University of Pittsburgh (US$4.9 million), and The University of Hong Kong (US$620,000). To date, CEPI has provided initial funding to Curevac, Inc., Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Moderna, Inc., Novavax, Inc., The University of Hong Kong, The University of Oxford, and The University of Queensland to develop COVID-19 vaccine candidates. CEPI partnered with AstraZeneca to manufacture 300 million globally accessible doses of COVID-19 vaccine. CEPI announced an investment of up to $388 million to accelerate the development and manufacturing of Novavax’ NVX‑CoV2373 vaccine candidate against COVID-19.
Through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Microsoft founder and philanthropist plan to help fund factories for seven promising vaccines, even before seeing conclusive data. Two of the programs – at most – will make it through to final development and deployment. The Inovio INO-4800 DNA vaccine is the second vaccine to undertake Phase 1 clinical testing on human subjects thanks to backing from the foundation.
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) has updated its Broad Agency Announcements (BAAs) to focus exclusively on addressing the COVID-19 threat. BARDA’s annual budget of $512 Million has been supplemented by an additional $3.5 billion through the recently passed Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The additional funding is allocated for necessary expenses of manufacturing, production, and purchase of various supplies and services. AstraZeneca recently received $1B in BARDA funding to advance vaccine. Another leading candidate, Moderna received $483 million BARDA award for vaccine development, while it awarded $450 million to Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a division of Johnson & Johnson, to develop a vaccine.
An additional €675 million of EU’s Horizon 2020 funding is to be diverted into research on vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics against COVID-19, bringing the total investment in pandemic R&D from the programme to €1 billion. European Commission helped raise €7.4B to fund global research on vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.
The Division of Research, Innovation & Ventures (DRIVe) BAA (Budget $750,000) has opportunities for Diagnostic assays, screening and model development, vaccines, advanced manufacturing.
Multiple National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutes have issued a Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) to provide funding for research topics related to COVID-19. National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), The National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), and National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) are providing opportunities under the NIH.
The National Science Foundation (NSF, $256,000), Department of Defense (DOD) are among other prominent agencies.
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation), Nordic Trial Alliance, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and several other international funding agencies have also come forward with various initiatives.